A recent study is shedding new light on the potential health risks of vaping, or e-cigarette use.

The findings, published in Frontiers in Oncology, show that people who vape regularly exhibit altered activity in more than 3,100 genes compared with those who do not smoke or vape.

Previous research has found that vaping, like traditional smoking, exposes users to cancer-causing substances and has been linked to serious health risks, including lung damage, cardiovascular disease and nicotine addiction.

The study was conducted by researchers at the University of Southern California’s Keck School of Medicine, who analyzed gene expression in 83 participants — including 35 who vape, 24 who smoke and 24 who neither smoke nor vape.

Researchers found that people who use flavored e-cigarettes and advanced refillable devices — commonly known as “mods” — showed greater changes in gene expression compared with other groups.

Scientists said about 28.2% of the observed changes were linked to how frequently participants vaped, while roughly two-thirds, or 66.6%, were associated with the type of device and flavor used.

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